语言学试题3I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.
A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words
2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.
A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational
3. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.
A. three B. four C. five D. six
4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.
A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems
5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.
A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix D. back-formation
6. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.
A. affixation B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition
7. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."
A、 is synonymous with
B、 is inconsistent with
C、 entails
D、 presupposes
8. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way
speakers interpret sentences is called ___.
A、 semantics
B、 pragmatics
C、 sociolinguistics
D、 syntax
9. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )
A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites
C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms
10. The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letterof which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.
12. The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b________ morphemes.
13. Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called s________.
14. Vowels can be nasalized. The vowel nasalization rule is an a________ rule, which, for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.
15. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_______.
16. What essentially distinguishes s_______ and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.
17. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.
18. R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
19. Words that are close in meaning are called s________.
20. C ____ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.
Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. ( ) Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
22. ( ) Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.
23. ( ) Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.
24. ( ) Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )
25. ( ) Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.
26. ( ) Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic.
27. ( ) The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar.
28. ( ) . Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning.
29. ( ) The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like “do sb. in”.
30. ( ) Inflection is a particular way of word-formations.
Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)
31. Blending
32. Allomorph
33. Close-class word
34. phrase structure rule
35. componential analysis
36. suprasegmental features
37. .predication
38. competence
39. inflectional morphemes
40. synchronic linguistics
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41. Analyze the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:
specialize, indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness
42. Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule, and the deletion rule.